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The electoral roll (or electoral register) is a listing of all those registered to vote in a particular area. The register facilitates the process of voting, helps to prevent fraud and may also be used to select people for jury duty. Electoral registers are used in for example the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand. ==Australia== The earliest electoral rolls in Australia date from the 1840s, for the then colony of New South Wales. Following federation in 1901, State electoral rolls were used for federal elections until a Commonwealth electoral roll was compiled. A permanent Commonwealth electoral roll was compiled in 1908. For some years afterwards, the States also compiled their own State electoral rolls, but (with the exception of Western Australia) these have now been discontinued, and State and local elections are today based upon the Commonwealth electoral roll, maintained under joint roll arrangements.〔(Joint Rolls Arrangement between Commonwealth, State and Territories )〕 The Commonwealth electoral roll is compiled and maintained by the Australian Electoral Commission (AEC). Enrolment has been compulsory for all eligible voters since 1911 (with the exception of Norfolk Island, where enrolment is voluntary). However, failure to enrol cannot be penalised, a protection offered by section 101(7) of the Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918.〔http://www.aec.gov.au/FAQs/Enrolment.htm#not_enrolled_for_xxyears〕 Enrolment is compulsory for Australian citizens over the age of 18 years. Residents in Australia who had been enrolled as British subjects in 1984 can continue to be enrolled. (These comprise about 9% of the electoral roll.) Since 2009, New South Wales has drawn information from various government departmental sources to automatically enroll eligible electors onto the state roll, but not the federal roll.〔(SmartRoll: The NSW Electoral Commission's Automatic Enrolment Project ) at Electoral Commission NSW〕 Currently, the electoral roll records just the name and address of the voter, although in previous years occupation was also recorded. The electoral roll is compiled on a state/territory-wide basis, in alphabetical order of surname. Until 1988 electoral rolls were compiled by polling division and sub-division. Until 1990, Lord Howe Island was recorded within the Sydney polling division. The Cocos Islands and Christmas Island are today recorded on the Northern Territory roll. Since 21 July 2004 the Commonwealth electoral roll cannot be sold in any format. It has not been produced in printed format since 1985, when it changed to publication on microfiche. Today it is only produced in an electronic format, and can only be viewed at an AEC office, each of which holds a copy of the electoral roll for the entire country. These arrangements try to strike a balance between privacy of the voters and the publication of the roll, which is integral to the conduct of free and fair elections, enabling participants to verify the openness and accountability of the electoral process and object to the enrolment of any elector. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Electoral roll」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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